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What did the 1648 Treaty of Westphalia do?

What did the 1648 Treaty of Westphalia do?

Peace of Westphalia, European settlements of 1648, which brought to an end the Eighty Years’ War between Spain and the Dutch and the German phase of the Thirty Years’ War. The peace was negotiated, from 1644, in the Westphalian towns of Münster and Osnabrück.

What was the Treaty of Westphalia all about?

The Treaty of Westphalia is signed, ending the Thirty Years’ War and radically shifting the balance of power in Europe. As a result of the Treaty of Westphalia, the Netherlands gained independence from Spain, Sweden gained control of the Baltic and France was acknowledged as the preeminent Western power.

What were the main terms of the Treaty of Westphalia in 1648?

The treaty gave the Swiss independence of Austria and the Netherlands independence of Spain. The German principalities secured their autonomy. Sweden gained territory and a payment in cash, Brandenburg and Bavaria made gains too, and France acquired most of Alsace-Lorraine.

What war happened in 1648?

The Thirty Years’ War
The Thirty Years’ War ended with the Treaty of Westphalia in 1648, which changed the map of Europe irrevocably. The peace was negotiated, from 1644, in the Westphalian towns of Münster and Osnabrück. The Spanish-Dutch treaty was signed on January 30, 1648.

Who won the 30 year war?

Thirty Years’ War

Date 1618 to 1648
Location Europe, mainly present-day Germany
Result Peace of Westphalia
Territorial changes France annexes Décapole and Upper Alsace Sweden obtains Wolin and Western Pomerania Brandenburg-Prussia obtains Eastern Pomerania

Why is the Peace of Westphalia important?

The Peace of Westphalia is regarded as a milestone in the development toward tolerance and secularization. This settlement also strengthened the imperial Estates: they could enter into foreign alliances and decide important matters, such as peace and war, along with the emperor.

What were six results of the Peace of Westphalia?

Six results of the peace of Westphalia were the weakening of Austria and Spain, the strengthening of France, the independency of German princes from the Holy Roman Emperor, the end to religious wars in Europe, the introduction of the peace summit, and the abandonment of Catholic rule over Europe.

Who won the Thirty Years war?

What was England like 1648?

In mid-1648, England experienced a further eruption of violence known as the Second Civil War. Rebellions in favour of the king broke out in many parts of England and Wales, and a joint force of Scots and English Royalists rode south but were destroyed at Preston by an army under Oliver Cromwell.

Did the Protestants win the 30 Years War?

However, the Empire struck back, sweeping through Germany and handing the Protestants a defeat. Although Christian IV was able to keep Denmark, the Danish Phase of the 30 Years’ War ended in another victory for Catholicism and the Hapsburgs.

Why did Catholic France side with the Protestants in the thirty?

No longer able to tolerate the encirclement of two major Habsburg powers on its borders, Catholic France entered the Thirty Years’ War on the side of the Protestants to counter the Habsburgs and bring the war to an end.

Who won the 30 years war?

How did the Peace of Westphalia end the Thirty Years War?

The Peace of Westphalia, concluded in 1648 in Münster (Germany), ended the Thirty Years War, which started with an anti-Habsburg revolt in Bohemia in 1618 but became an entanglement of different conflicts concerning the constitution of the Holy Roman Empire, religion, and the state system of Europe.

Who was involved in the Peace of Westphalia?

In 1642, six years before the signing of the Peace of Westphalia was to end the Thirty Years’ War, Mazarin sent a negotiating team to Munster to begin working on his peace plan. The two French plenipotentiaries, Claude de Mesmes Comte d’Avaux, and Abel Servien, were his close associates.

Where was Westphalia located during the Protestant Reformation?

Modern Westphalia was a part of the Lower Rhenish–Westphalian Circle of the Holy Roman Empire, which comprised territories of Lower Lorraine, Frisia and parts of the former Duchy of Saxony . As a result of the Protestant Reformation, there was no dominant religion in Westphalia.

When did Westphalia become part of the French Empire?

After the defeat of the Prussian Army by the French at the Battle of Jena–Auerstedt, the Treaty of Tilsit in 1807 made the easternmost portion of today’s Westphalia part of the French client Kingdom of Westphalia until 1813.