How do I write an IB biology lab report?

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What goes in the intro of a lab report?

Usually, the introduction is one paragraph that explains the objectives or purpose of the lab. Sometimes an introduction may contain background information, briefly summarize how the experiment was performed, state the findings of the experiment, and list the conclusions of the investigation.

Why does dialysis fluid need to be at 37 degrees?

The standard range of temperature for dialysis fluids (3737.5C) frequently causes an increase in body temperature of 0.30.5 C [5, 6, 7, 8]. Warm dialysate can increase the body core temperature, resulting in vasodilation and increased mobilization of sequestered toxins to intravascular compartment.

Why is dialysis treatment repeated regularly?

Waste products and fluid can build up to dangerous levels in your body. Left untreated, this can cause a number of unpleasant symptoms and eventually be fatal. Dialysis filters out unwanted substances and fluids from the blood before this happens.

How long can you live on dialysis 3 times a week?

Life expectancy on dialysis can vary depending on your other medical conditions and how well you follow your treatment plan. Average life expectancy on dialysis is 5-10 years, however, many patients have lived well on dialysis for 20 or even 30 years.

What are the negative effects of dialysis?

The most common side effects of hemodialysis include low blood pressure, access site infection, muscle cramps, itchy skin, and blood clots. The most common side effects of peritoneal dialysis include peritonitis, hernia, blood sugar changes, potassium imbalances, and weight gain.

What happens if too much fluid is removed during dialysis?

Removing excessive fluid gain can make treatment uncomfortable. Patients can experience a sudden drop in blood pressure, which usually occurs toward the end of a dialysis treatment. You may feel nauseated, weak and tired because your body may not be used to having so much fluid removed at once.

What should you eat after dialysis?

Renal dietitians encourage most people on hemodialysis to eat high-quality protein because it produces less waste for removal during dialysis. High-quality protein comes from meat, poultry, fish, and eggs. Avoid processed meats such as hot dogs and canned chili, which have high amounts of sodium and phosphorus.

Why does dialysis take 4 hours?

Progress in dialysis led to shorter time, about 4 hours. Because I know already some complications associated with hemodialysis is a result of rapid change in blood chemistry, and on the other side the long time of dialysis is one of the major problems of dialysis patients.

Does being on dialysis shorten your life?

The average life expectancy of a person on hemodialysis is less than 3 years and hasn’t changed in 20 years.

Can kidneys start working again after dialysis?

The kidneys usually start working again within several weeks to months after the underlying cause has been treated. Dialysis is needed until then. If the kidneys fail completely, the only treatment options available are dialysis for the rest of your life or transplant.

Do dialysis patients still urinate?

Unless your kidneys have completely shut down and the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) has gone down to absolute zero, many patients will continue to produce urine even after starting dialysis.

Why do dialysis patients smell like urine?

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is one possible cause of having an ammonia taste in your mouth, sometimes called “ammonia breath.” Some people describe ammonia breath as having a metallic taste, while others have reported that it smells similar to urine.

Do dialysis patients poop?

Almost all patients on dialysis take laxatives and stool softeners to promote regularity and prevent constipation.

Is a GFR of 58 bad?

What is My GFR—and What Does it Mean? The formula is accurate only for results less than 60. A result over 60 is “normal.” This is good news! But, if you are at risk or have symptoms, talk to your doctor.

Should I worry if my GFR is 56?

A GFR of 60 or higher is in the normal range. A GFR below 60 may mean kidney disease. A GFR of 15 or lower may mean kidney failure.

What does eGFR 59 mean?

eGFR in normal range (60-89) with other signs of kidney damage, like protein in urine or physical damage to the kidneys. eGFR 30-59, moderate kidney damage. eGFR 15-29, severe kidney damage. eGFR less than 15, the kidneys are close to failure or have already failed.

Can your GFR go back up?

Conclusion. GFR improvement is possible in CKD patients at any CKD stage through stage 4–5. It is noteworthy that this GFR improvement is associated with a decrease in the number of metabolic complications over time.

How long does it take to go from Stage 3 to Stage 4 kidney disease?

Conclusions: About half of the patients with stage 3 CKD progressed to stage 4 or 5, as assessed by eGFR, over 10 years.

Can drinking water improve GFR?

Water ingestion can acutely affect GFR, although not necessarily in the direction one might expect. Using 12 young, healthy individuals as their own controls, Anastasio et al. found increased water intake actually decreases GFR.