Is rifampicin concentration dependent?

Rifampin achieved concentration-dependent intracellular steady-state concentrations within 15 min. Our results suggest that doses of rifampin higher than those currently employed would optimize the effect of rifampin, if patients could tolerate them.

How is rifampin resistant TB treated?

In patients with MDR-TB/RR-TB, a regimen with at least five effective anti-TB drugs during the intensive phase is recommended, including pyrazinamide and four core second-line anti-TB drugs – one chosen from Group A (fluoroquinolones: levofloxacin, moxifloxacin, and gatifloxacin), one from Group B (second-line …

Is rifamycin effective against tuberculosis?

Because of their potencies and sterilizing activities, rifamycins are the cornerstone of modern therapy for active tuberculosis and are extremely effective in the treatment of latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection (2, 3).

Is TB resistant to rifampicin?

Rifampicin, as the most effective first-line antituberculosis drug, also develops resistance due to the mutation on Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) RNA polymerase. Among these mutations, three mutations at position 451 (H451D, H451Y, H451R) are associated with high-level resistance to rifampicin.

How do you know if TB is drug-resistant?

If TB bacteria are found in the sputum (phlegm), the diagnosis of TB can be made in a day or two, but this finding will not be able to distinguish between drug-susceptible TB and drug-resistant TB. To determine drug susceptibility, the bacteria need to be grown and tested in a specialized laboratory.

What is extremely resistant TB resistant to?

Extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB) is a form of tuberculosis caused by bacteria that are resistant to some of the most effective anti-TB drugs….

What is the most serious potential adverse effect of rifampin use?

Upset stomach, heartburn, nausea, menstrual changes, or headache may occur. If any of these effects persist or worsen, inform your doctor promptly. This medication may cause urine, sweat, saliva, or tears to change color (yellow, orange, red, or brown).

Is a powerful antibiotic against tuberculosis?

Thus the correct answer is option (B) Rifampicin.

How do you know if TB is drug resistant?

Drug resistance can be detected using special laboratory tests which test the bacteria for sensitivity to the drugs or detect resistance patterns. These tests can be molecular in type (such as Xpert MTB/RIF) or else culture-based.

Why is multidrug resistant tuberculosis becoming more common?

The 2 reasons why multidrug resistance continues to emerge and spread are mismanagement of TB treatment and person-to-person transmission. Most people with TB are cured by a strictly followed, 6-month drug regimen that is provided to patients with support and supervision.

What is the total duration of treatment of multidrug resistant tuberculosis?

The intensive-phase treatment for MDR-TB should be 5-7 months, followed by the continuation phase, so that the total duration of treatment is 15-24 months after culture conversion. The drugs should be prescribed daily (no intermittent therapy), and the patient should always be on DOT.

How is rifampicin related to multidrug resistant TB?

Tuberculosis (TB) is still a major life-threatening infectious disease, within which especially the rise of multidrug resistant TB (MDR-TB) is currently worrying. This study focuses on mechanisms of development of rifampicin resistance, since rifampicin seems to play an important role in the development of MDR-TB.

How is rifampicin related to the rpoB gene?

We exposed a rifampicin-susceptible H37Rv wild type (H37Rv-WT) and a rifampicin-resistant progeny H37Rv strain with a H526Y mutation in the rpoB gene (H37Rv-H526Y) to several concentrations of rifampicin, to define the effect of rifampicin on the transcription profile.

What happens to gene clusters after exposure to rifampicin?

Gene clusters associated with efflux, transport and virulence were altered in the rifampicin-resistant H37Rv mutant compared to the rifampicin-susceptible H37Rv-WT strain after exposure to rifampicin.

What is the minimum inhibitory concentration for rifampicin?

The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for rifampicin (Rifadin®, Aventis Pharma B.V, Hoevelaken, the Netherlands) was determined to be 0.25 mg/L for the H37Rv-WT strain and 512 mg/L for the H37Rv-H526Y strain, using CLSI guidelines.